Design Manual for Coastal Facilities -2000

PREFACE

Chapterb 1  COASTAL PLAN and STRUCTURES
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Characteristics of coastal zones
 1.2.1 Scope of coastal zone
 1.2.2 Characteristics and current condition of coastal zones
 1.2.3 Functions and values of the coastal zone
1.3 Coastal Preservation in Japan
 1.3.1 History of Japan's preservation
 1.3.2 Shift in public opinion and policy
 1.3.3 Revision of the Seacoast Law
1.4 Coastal planning concepts
 1.4.1 Basic system for coastal plans
 1.4.2 Target areas in master plan
 1.4.3 Master plans and the development of coastal structures
 1.4.4 Important points coastal planning
1.5 Functions and types of coastal structures

Chapter 2  COASTAＬ HYDRODYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENT
2.1 Coastal processes
2.2 Basic theory of water waves
 2.2.1 Fundamental dimensions and classifications of water waves
 2.2.2 Infinitesimal amplitude wave theory
 2.2.3 Finite amplitude wave theories
 2.2.4 Statistical properties of irregular waves
2.3 Wave hindcasting
 2.3.1 Sea wind
 2.3.2 Significant wave hindcasting model
 2.3.3 Spectral wave hindcasting method
2.4 Wave Transformation
 2.4.1 Shoaling
 2.4.2 Refraction 
 2.4.3 Diffraction
 2.4.4 Reflection and transmission
 2.4.5 Bottom friction
 2.4.6 Wave breaking
 2.4.7 Miscellaneous wave transformations
2.5 Numerical models for wave transformation
 2.5.1 Energy balance equation
 2.5.2 Mild slope equations and variations
 2.5.3 Nonlinear long wave equations
 2.5.4 Boussinesq equations 
 2.5.5 Fully nonlinear and dispersive equations
 2.5.6 Comparison of model equations 
2.6 Long period waves
 2.6.1 Astronomical tides
 2.6.2 Mean sea level rise
 2.6.3 Storm surges
 2.6.4 Tsunami
 2.6.5 Long period waves
2.7 Currents in the sea
 2.7.1 Ocean currents
 2.7.2 Wind-driven currents
 2.7.3 Tidal currents 
 2.7.4 Nearshore currents
 2.7.5 Density current in estuaries
2.8 Wave force
 2.8.1 Wave pressure acting on structures
 2.8.2 Stability of armor layer with stones and concrete blocks
 2.8.3 Wave forces on cylindrical piles 
 2.8.4 Wave forces on large structures
 2.8.5 Wave-induced liquefaction in seabeds
2.9 Wave runup and overtopping
 2.9.1 Wave runup
 2.9.2 Wave overtopping of structures
2.10 Effects of coastal structures 
 2.10.1 Factors affecting water quality
 2.10.2 Factors affecting ecosystems
 2.10.3 Influences on the attractiveness of sea areas
 2.10.4 Local topography
2.11 Seismic performance
 2.11.1 Types of coastal facilities
 2.11.2 Seismic performance of embankments
 2.11.3 Seismic performance of gravity bulkheads
 2.11.4 Seismic performance of sheet pile bulkheads
2.12 Costal morphology
 2.12.1 Coastal types 
 2.12.2 Properties of beach-forming sediments
 2.12.3 Longitudinal profile and plan shape of beaches
 2.12.4 Aerial distribution of beach sediments
2.13 Beach changes
 2.13.1 Beach changes and their time and spatial scales
 2.13.2 Mechanism of topographic changes of sandy beach
 2.13.3 Progressive stages of beach change
2.14 Sediment transport
 2.14.1 Nearshore zone and models of transport
 2.14.2 Sediment transport rate
2.15 Numerical models for the prediction of beach evolution
 2.15.1 Outline of the beach evolution model
 2.15.2 Line model
 2.15.3 3D beach evolution model
 2.15.4 Examples of applications of the beach evolution model
 2.15.5 Future development of the beach evolution model
2.16 Functio of sandy beaches 
 2.16.1 Disaster prevention functions
 2.16.2 Functions to maintain environment and ecosystem 
 2.16.3 Amenities
2.17 Water quality and ecosystems
 2.17.1 Flora and fauna on coastal beaches
 2.17.2 Water quality along coasts
2.18 Numerival models on coastal environments and ecosystem
 2.18.1 Modeling
 2.18.2 Adevectio-diffusion model
 2.18.3 Budget models
 2.18.4 Ecosystem model
2.19 Coastal landscape design
 2.19.1 Discussion on coastal landscape viewpoints
 2.19.2 Landscape values originating in the desire for survival
 2.19.3 Landscape values originating in intellectual desires 
 2.19.4 Local coastal landscape characteristics and human intervention
 2.19.5 Planning and design of coastal disaster prevention facilities 
2.20 Hydraulic model experiments
 2.20.1 Planning
 2.20.2 Examples of fixed bed model experiments
 2.20.3 Examples of movable bed model experiments

Chapter 3  COASTAL FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 
3.1 Genwral introduction
 3.1.1 Status of coastal facilities development plans
 3.1.2 Desirable flow of planning
3.2 Planning basics
 3.2.1 Survey and analysis of current conditions
 3.2.2 Compilation and implementation of plans
3.3 Main contents of plans
 3.3.1 Functions and layout of coastal facilities
 3.3.2 Consturction planning
 3.3.3 Considerration for utilization
 3.3.4 Compatibility of projects
 3.3.5 Enviroment and landscape conservation and creation
 3.3.6 Cost-benefit analysis on short protection facilities 
 3.3.7 Monitoring
3.4 Actual state of coastal facilities development planning
 3.4.1 Ocean waves and storm surge countermeasures
 3.4.2 Tsunami countermeasures
 3.4.3 Erosion countermeasures
 3.4.4 Costal environment improvement

Chapter 4  SURVEY AND OBSERVATION
4.1 Outline
4.2 Meteorological phenomena
 4.2.1 Meteorological surveys
 4.2.2 Weather observation
4.3 Oceangraphic phenomena
 4.3.1 Observation of tides
 4.3.2 Wave observation
 4.3.3 Current observation
4.4 Survey of sand transport and coastal processes
 4.4.1 Planning and preparation
 4.4.2 Waves, currents and tides
 4.4.3 Beach deformation and sand transport mechanism
 4.4.4 Properties of surface sediment and the seabed 
 4.4.5 Blown sand and subaerial topographical change
4.5 Water quality surveys
 4.5.1 Water temperature and salinity
 4.5.2 Muddiness (turbidity, SS)
 4.5.3 Nutrient salts (N-P)
 4.5.4 Dissolved oxygen (DO)
4.6 Ecosystem surveys
 4.6.1 Seaweed bed survey
 4.6.2 Fish eggs and juveniles
 4.6.3 Plankton surveys
 4.6.4 Benthos
 4.6.5 Fish and shellfish
 4.6.6 Birds
 4.6.7 Coastal plants
 4.6.8 Water quality
 4.6.9 Seabed quality
4.7 Subsoil investigation
 4.7.1 Objectives
 4.7.2 Types of subsoil investigation methods and their selection
 4.7.3 Subsoil investigation methods 
 4.7.4 In-situ tests
 4.7.5 Laboratory tests

Chapter 5  DESIGN
5.1 Cocept of design
 5.1.1 Overview
 5.1.2 History of coastal facilities design standards
5.2 Design external force
 5.2.1 Waves and tides
 5.2.2 Wave force
 5.2.3 Wave overtopping and wave runup
 5.2.4 Earthquakes and seismic loads
 5.2.5 Soil parameters, and earth fluid pressures
 5.2.6 Ice force
5.3 Functionality design stage
 5.3.1 Basic principle in functionality design
 5.3.2 Sediment control works
 5.3.3 Wave and storm surge control facilities
 5.3.4 Structures for tsunami protection facilities
 5.3.5 Wind-blown sand and splash protection works
 5.3.6 Coastal facilities to create seashore environments
5.4 Design of structures
 5.4.1 Overview
 5.4.2 Materials
 5.4.3 Seawalls
 5.4.4 Revetments
 5.4.5 Parapets
 5.4.6 Groins
 5.4.7 Headlands
 5.4.8 Detached breakwaters
 5.4.9 Artificial reefs
 5.4.10 Wave dissipating breakwaters
 5.4.11 Beach nourishment
 5.4.12 Storm surge breakwaters
 5.4.13 Tsunami breakwaters
5.5 River mouth management facilities
 5.5.1 Basic concept
 5.5.2 Design external forces
 5.5.3Functional design
 5.5.4 Design of structures
 5.5.5 Evaluation of functions and impacts
5.6 Supplemental facilities
 5.6.1 Water gates and sluice gates
 5.6.2 Pumping station
 5.6.3 Floodgates
 5.6.4 Retarding basin
 5.6.5 Stairs and passages
 5.6.6 Towing pass and slipways
 5.6.7 Passages for management and evacuation

Chapter 6  CONSTRUCTION
6.1 Summary
 6.1.1 Basic concepts
 6.1.2 Fundamentals in the construction of coastal facilities and structures
 6.1.3 construction environment
6.2 Construction Plan
 6.2.1 flow of work in preparation of construction plan
 6.2.2 Fundamental points in preparing the construction plan
 6.2.3 Examining contents of the contract, design, and drawings
 6.2.4 Survey to confirm site conditions
 6.2.5 Examination of the construction methods
 6.2.6 Works schedule
 6.2.7 Planning temporary facilities
 6.2.8 Environmental protection measures
 6.2.9 Construction by-product countermeasures
 6.2.10 Procuremen plan
 6.2.11 Quality control plan
 6.2.12 Safety management plan
 6.2.13 Other administrative plans
6.3 Example of a construction plan document
 6.3.1 An example of contents noted in construction plan documents
6.4 Construction
 6.4.1 Particular points to be noticed when constructing various facilities
6.5 Introduction of construction technology
 6.5.1 Construction technology
 6.5.2 Information management

Chapter 7  MAINTENANCE
7.1 Concept of maintenance
 7.1.1 Definition of maintenance
 7.1.2 Grade of deformation
 7.1.3 Objectives and methods of maintenance
 7.1.4 Special matters for maintenance of coastal structures
7.2 Failure modes and fault trees of typical structures
 7.2.1 Sea walls, revetments and storm surge breakwaters
 7.2.2 Detached breakwaters, artificial reef breakwaters, and wave absorbing breakwaters
 7.2.3 Groins and headland breakwaters
 7.2.4 Countermeasure works against river mouth closure
 7.2.5 Water gates, land locks, and drainage pump stations
 7.2.6 Deterioration of concrete
7.3 maintenance system
 7.3.1 Introduction
 7.3.2 Flow of maintenance
 7.3.3 Timing of inspections
 7.3.4 Inspection items and positions
 7.3.5 Inspection items
 7.3.6 Methods of inspection
 7.3.7 Evaluation and judgment
7.4 Repairs and examples of maintenance projects
 7.4.1 Littoral drift control facilities
 7.4.2 Wave and storm surge control facilities
 7.4.3 Wind blown sand and splash countermeasures
 7.4.5 Facilities as countermeasures against river mouth closure
 7.4.6 Shore maintenance and management

Chapter 8  IMPROVEMENT AND REPLACEMENT
8.1 The basic concept of improvement and replacement
 8.1.1 General matters
 8.1.2 Important points pertaining to each type of facility
 8.1.3 Other important items for improvement and replacement
8.2 Cases of improvement and replacement projects
 8.2.1 Littoral drift control facilities
 8.2.2 Coastal facilities to protect against waves and storm surges
 8.2.3 Coastal facilities and warning systems to protect against tsunamis
 8.2.4 Facilities for coastal environment protection
 8.2.5 Coastal facilities to protect against wind-blown sand and spray
8.3 Removal and recycling technology
 8.3.1 Development of concrete armor block removing equipment
 8.3.2 Technology for recycling of crushed concrete pieces
 8.3.3 Recycling concrete armor blocks
 8.3.4 Utilization of recyclable materials
Design Manual for Coastal Facilities -2000

Contents
