講演番号:A-1
Characteristics of crossing distribution and the preference conditions
on habitation of Deiratonotus japonicus
YAMANISHI Hiroyuki＊,KUSUDA Tetsuya＊＊, HIRATA Masahiko＊＊＊, OH
Il-Kweul＊＊,
LEE Seung-Yoon＊＊
ABSTRACT; This study paid attention to Deiratonotus japonicus ,and field surveys and laboratory experiments were carried out to make clear the relation between the habitat of D.japonicus and aquatic environment in the Kita. Based on these survey and experimental results, influences to habitation of D.japonicus by the environmental condition in the Kita were discussed. Major conclusions in this study are as follows: (1)The density of D.japonicus decreases in the area over middle water level, (2)D.japonicus inhabits the place where mean diameter of riverbed materials is the middle sized gravel, (3)Preference curve on three environment factors (salinity, riverbed materials and water level) is shown by the results of field surveys, (4)Preference of D.japonicus is examined by laboratory experiments, the results show that riverbed materials over the middle sized gravel seem to play a role as their hiding place and feeding area.
＊Institute of Lowland Technology, Saga University, JAPAN
＊＊Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, JAPAN
＊＊＊Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Kyushu University,
JAPAN
［YAMANISHI Hiroyuki］yamanisi@ilt.saga-u.ac.jp
［KUSUDA Tetsuya］kusuda@civil.kyushu-u.ac.jp
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講演番号:A-2
Field survey on fish home range for river conservation works
Tasuku Sasaki* , Masahiko Sekine** , Masuji Gotou*** , Masao Ukita**
, Tuyoshi Imai*
ABSTRACT; Yang (1999) revealed that fish home range is an essential factor to estimate the importance of the coexistence of pools and rapids in river habitat. Minns' formula, which is defined for rivers and fish in North America, is one of the rare studies on fish home range. In this paper we examined the applicability of the formula to Japanese rivers and fish by using radio telemetry technique. We attached a radio transmitter to dark chub, crucian carp, common carp, Japanese dace and pike gudgeon, and tracked their behavior in rivers. The observations support the importance of the coexistence of pools and rapids. Shelters during the flood periods are also indispensable for fish. Although they showed a similar home range size with Minns' formula during one to three days, they showed much larger home range for longer periods' observation. Usually they stay within Minns' home range but occasionally they trip a long distance to a nearby habitat.
*Town government of Taisha**Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Yamaguchi University
*** Yamaguchi Health & Service Association
[Masahiko Sekine]ms@env.civil.yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
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受付番号:A-3
人工リーフ周辺の流れと生息する海藻との関係
Relation between Wave-Induced Current and Algae on Artificial
Reefs
井上 公人＊，田中 仁＊＊，西村 修＊＊，馬場 聡＊＊＊
Kimihito INOUE＊，Hitoshi TANAKA＊＊，Osamu NISHIMURA＊＊，Satoshi BABA＊＊＊
ABSTRACT；In recent years, a social demand toward an ecological aspect of a coastal area is increasing. However, very little things have been known about the relationship between an ecosystem and a coastal environment. The objective of the present study is to investigate the transition of algae community on artificial reefs after construction, and the relationship between the development of algae on artificial reefs and the intensity of wave-induced current around artificial reefs will be discussed.
KEYWORDS；artificial reef, wave-induced current, ecosystem, algae
*東北大学大学院工学研究科土木工学専攻(Graduate School of Engineering,Tohoku University)
国際航業株式会社(Kokusaikougyou Co.,Ltd.)
**東北大学大学院工学研究科土木工学専攻(Graduate School of Engineering,Tohoku University)
***岩手県 (Iwate Prefectural Government)
メールアドレス
井上公人 ki37117@kkc.co.jp
田中 仁 tanaka@tsunami2.civil.tohoku.ac.jp
西村 修 osamuwin@eco.civil.tohoku.ac.jp
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講演番号:A-4
渡良瀬貯水池池水を用いたケナフの栄養塩除去特性と
回収幹から製造した活性炭能力の評価
大島秀則、唐沢 潔、坂之井和之、青井 透、大森美香子、平野景子
Nutrient removal by a kenaf hydroculture at the Watarase
reservoir
and evaluation of activated carbon made from harvested
core
Oshima,H.*1, Karasawa.K.*2, Sakanoi,K.*3,Aoi,T.*4, Ohmori,M.*5,
Hirano.K.*6
Abstract; The Watarase reservoir is the maximum flatland rservoir
in Japan , and is one of the main water resources of metropolitan
area. But at this reservoir, musty odor problem arises frequently
by the eutrophication, and it becomes a serious problem in water
usage. Though the reed field purification method is being tried
as a purification countermeasure, it is also necessary to examine
the other method. Kenaf is an annual tropical plant originated
from Africa. It is known that kenaf can grow also in hydroculture
and that the good activated carbon can be produced from the wood-base
trunk which can be utilized for the removal of the musty odor.
As a result, kenaf may be able to contribute to the water purification
in the Watarase reservoir.
Then, the author carried out the purification experiment by the
kenaf hydroculture system using the reservoir water, and characteristics
of the purification were examined. Next they tried to produce
activated carbon for water treatment from the core of kenaf. It
was found that good activated carbon which removes color and odor(2-MIB)
as well as other activated carbons on the market can be produced
from kenaf core. Information on the activated carbon was reported.
Keywords; Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus.L, Watarase reservoir, eutrophication, nutrient removal, activated carbon, 2-MIB, humic acid
*1 Watarase river work office, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport
*2 Kanto Regional Developing Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport
*3 The Public Works Section, Yamagata Pref.
*4 Gunma national college of technology, Department of civil
engineering, aoi@cvl.gunma-ct.ac.jp
*5 Gunma Analysis Center.co.LTD
*6 Suido Kiko Kaisha,LTD
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講演番号:A-5
木質系熱帯性草本ケナフの水質浄化能力と成育特性
青井 透*、鈴木 学**
Water purification ability and growth characteristics of the
tropical wood-base herb kenaf
Toru AOI*, Manabu SUZUKI**
Abstract; Kenaf is a ligneous and annual tropical plant with
the quick growth, and as the trunk is wood-base, the utility
form is considered almost equal to the wood. Kenaf can grow actively
either hydroponically or in soils. As the kenaf grows in the vertical
direction, yield point per unit area is high. The hydroponic culture
was carried out using the water from a farm pond which was polluted
with household drainage. The removal characteristics of the nutrient
salt and growth density were measured. As the density was able
to be set from low to high easily in the hydroponic culture, the
growth density in the place of the closely planted reached from
70 to 100t/ha. The nitrogen removal ratio per unit area was 0.56g/m2/D
in the average at summer, this value was higher than that of the
general wetland system.
Next the open-field culture of the kenaf was carried out in various
places, and the yield point per area was measured. At the same
time , nutrient salts and EC,VS, etc.in the soil of the growth
place were analyzed, and the relation between the yield and such
indexes were examined.
Keywords; kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus.L, hydroponic, nutrient removal, wetland, yield point, openfield culture
*Gunma national college of technology, Department of civil
engineering, aoi@cvl.gunma-ct.ac.jp
**Department of urban engineering, The University of Tokyo
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講演番号:A-6
Risk Assessment Methodologies to Set Remediation Goals for Multiple
Contaminants in a Contaminated Site
Aiichiro FUJINAGA＊, Hiroyuki MATSUHISA, Yuzuru SASAMOTO, and
Itsuo CHUMAN
ABSTRACT; Risk assessment methodology to set remediation goals
were studied for a contaminated
site with multiple contaminants such as tetrachloroethylene (PCE),
trichloroethylene (TCE), etc. The
methodology comprises of four steps. First, remediation technologies
are selected to decrease the
contaminants. Second, the decreasing concentrations of the contaminants
are predicted by using
numerical simulation techniques. Third, total risks (a non-cancer
hazard index, HI, and a cancer risk,
RiskT) are calculated by using the predicted concentrations. Forth,
remediation goals for the multiple
contaminants are set as the total risk is under the acceptable
risks (HI<1 and RiskT<10-5). In this study,
the selected remediation technologies were pump & treat, natural
attenuation, and combination of pump
& treat and natural attenuation. The methodologies in this
study could be applied to set remediation goals
for the contaminated site with multiple contaminants.
KEYWORDS; Risk Assessment, Multiple Contaminants, Remediation
Goals.
Environmental Service Division of Civil Engineering Department,
Konoike Construction Co., Ltd.
E-mail: fujinaga_ai@konoike.co.jp
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講演番号:A-7
Leaching of Activated Nuclides from Neutron Irradiated CementFUKUTANI
Satoshi*, ISHIKAWA Joji**, KOYAMA Akio*, NISHIMAKI Kenzo*
ABSTRACT ; Leaching experiments of activated nuclides from neutron irradiated cement were conducted. Nuclides such as 60Co,134Cs,and 152Eu were detected in the irradiated cements,and 41Ca,55Fe,133Ba, and 154Eu were expected to exist in the irradiated cements. It was proved that 134Cs had being leached from the irradiated cement pastes for about one year. On the other hand,radioactivity concentration of 134Cs in liquid phase decreased, and it was thought because the decay speed of 134Cs was larger than the leaching speed of 134Cs. 60Co was not detected in liquid phase with γ ray-spectrometry, but 59Co leached from the not irradiated cement pastes was detected with inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Ca is one of the main components of a cement,and it was found that Ca had large leachability. Although it is considered that radioactivity concentration of 41Ca in the irradiated cements and in the leached liquid phase was not high, we must assess the environmental effect of 41Ca carefully, because of its very long half-life(1.03×105 years).
*Research Reactor Institute , Kyoto Univ.
**Dept.of Environmental Eng.,Graduate School of Eng.,Kyoto Univ.
(fukutani@rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
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講演番号:A-8
Elution of Arsenic from Sewage Sludge
Ayumi ITO*, Toshiyuki TAKACHI**, Noriko SAITO***, Jiro AIZAWA* and Teruyuki UMITA*
ABSTRACT; Leaching tests of arsenic and coexistent substances
(Al, Fe, Ca and organic matter) from sewage sludge were conducted
at different pH values (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11) using a batch reactor
to clarify elution characteristics of arsenic from the sludge.
Alkalization of sewage sludge to pH 11 eluted As more than 90
%, whereas the elution efficiency of As at pH 1 was about 50 %.
The amount of As eluted was correlated with that of Al, Fe and
TOC under the alkaline conditions.
Arsenic in the sludge liquid phase was classified into four forms
(arsenic, arsenious, monomethylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids)
and each concentration was determined using a HPLC-ICP-MS. The
major forms were As(III) at pH 1, both As(III) and As(V) at pH
3 and As(V) at pH ≧ 5 through the leaching tests for 24 hours.
These forms almost corresponded to those illustrated in the Eh-pH
diagram of As at equilibrium state. On the other hand, through
the leaching tests for 1 hour, the major forms were both As(III)
and As(V) at pH 1 and As(V) at pH 9. The concentrations of organic
arsenic were much lower than those of inorganic one. Although
As(III) was readily oxidized to As(V) in the region of As(V) at
the equilibrium state, As(V) was insignificantly reduced to As(III)
in that of As(III). These results suggested that arsenic existing
as As(III) and As(V) in sewage sludge could be effectively eluted
by adjusting sludge conditions to the pH and ORP in the region
of As(V) at the equilibrium state.
KEY WORDS; Sewage sludge, arsenic elution, HPLC-ICP-MS, arsenic form, pH-Eh diagram
*Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Iwate University（aitou@iwate-u.ac.jp）
**NIKKEN Consultants Inc.
***Metocean Environment Inc.
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講演番号:A-9
Long-term Stability of Treated Incinerator Fly Ash in Monofill
Kentaro MIYAWAKI*, Takayuki SHIMAOKA**, Masataka HANASHIMA***
Masahide NISHIGAKI****, Takeshi SHINOHARA****
ABSTRACT; Because MSW Incinerator fly ash have a lot of heavy metals, that is needed to treat by stabilized treatment. Large-scale Lysimeters were used to study many materials; two types of chemically treated fly ash, untreated fly ash and molten slag. We continued to research this experiment for about 5 years. On this report, Water quality characteristics of leachate from lysimeters were described. Leachate volume of each lysimeter had large difference, because of permeability and water-holding capacity. Because treated fly ash has much alkaline substance , pH value of leachate was high at early period. Most of leachate from mono filling lysimeters had high concentration lead (Pb) at the early period.
KEYWORDS; Treated Incinerator Fly Ash, Molten Slag, Heavy Metals, Monofill, High salinity Condition
Dept. of Civil Engineering, Fukuoka University
E-mail: miyawaki@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
** Institute of Environmental Systems, Kyushu University
*** Fukuoka Research Center for Recycling Systems
**** Takuma Co. Ltd.
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講演番号:A-10
Comparative Analysis for the Recycling Selection and Awareness
Considering Household Characteristics
Toyono INAKAZU, Are OKADA and Akira KOIZUMI
ABSTRACT; Material recycling is one of the most important subjects
for waste management. Recycling is realized by consumer's positive
actions as well as administrator's act and producer's technical
development. Now the used materials are recovered from such points
as each supermarkets, local centers, waste stations and individual
houses on several occasions. It has not been sufficiently searched
what kind of recycling opportunity is popular among and convenient
for consumers. So we make a questionnaire survey of recycling
selections by students. The recycling ratios are cleared in terms
of a sort of materials; such as used cans, glass bottles, PET
bottles, plastic trays, clothes, and six kinds of paper, and the
differences between single and plural households are also examined.
Then we analyze the dependence relations between recycling actions
and awareness of recycling terms, in order to make the structural
diagrams by Interpretive Structural Modeling. The result is offered
that single households' recycling action shows tendency to dependent
on awareness, though plural households are in habit of doing recycle
not related to awareness. The single household chose very limited
opportunity of recycling, so some other new recovery way has to
be offered. The education about recycling also may be effective
to increase the recycling ratio of single households.
KEYWORDS; waste management, recycling, questionnaire survey, Interpretive
Structural Modeling.
OFFICE; Division of Civil Eng., Graduate School of Eng., Tokyo
Metropolitan University
E-mail; inakazu@ecomp.metro-u.ac.jp
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講演番号:A-11
Effect of Biodegradable Plastic in an Attempt to Reduce Ammonia
Emission during Composting
Kiyohiko NAKASAKI*, Tomohiro MURAMOTO*, Fumiko EGUCHI*, Haruki MATSUURA*
ABSTRACT; Wastewater treatment sludge contains a high percentage of nitrogen and releases a large amount of ammonia when it is composted. By mixing poly-e-caprolactone (PCL), a biodegradable plastic, in the raw compost mixture of wastewater sludge, ammonia emissions were reduced drastically due to ammonia being neutralized with the acidic intermediates of PCL generated by the microbial degradation during the composting process. Since the start of PCL degradation is retarded in comparison with that of wastewater sludge, the odor of ammonia was remarkably reduced at the later stage of composting when the PCL was actively degraded, and the ammonia never emitted in that composting period. It was not possible, however, to suppress the ammonia odor completely at the earliest stage of composting, even if the PCL dosage was increased. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on the reduction of ammonia odor was examined by varying composting temperature between 50 ℃ and 60 ℃. It was found that the optimum PCL mixing ratio is approximately 7 with sludge with a value of 5 on a dry weight basis regardless of composting temperature.
Departmentof Materials Scienceand Chemical Engineering, Shizuoka
University
3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu 432-8561
TEL ０５３－４７８－１１７２ FAX ０５３－４７６－００９５
e-mail tcknaka@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp
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講演番号:A-12
Study on the Development of Resource Recycling Goods using Waste
Stillage from Sweet Potato Shochu Distilleries
Masahito YAMAUCHI*, Sumio MASUDA**, Masato KIHARA*, Tokio HIRATA*,
Kenjirou YONEYAMA***, Yuji MAENO*and Yasushi MATSUFUJI****
ABSTRACT; As an effective utilization of waste stillage which
will be banned from dumping into sea in the near future, the authors
have studied and succeeded in making sosei paper by using waste
stillage from shochu distilleries. This research is to develop
sosei paper pots using sweet potato waste stillage ( hereafter,
SPWS ) and waste newspaper as one of the resource recycling goods
and to consider the weight and property of waste water after compressing
samples ( SPWS + waste newspaper ). Further, this research is
tried to compare the physical, mechanical and chemical properties
of sosei paper pots and those of waste paper pots, and is applied
to the growth test of the tomatoes in sosei paper pots.
Following results were obtained: 1) The method of making sosei
paper pots by adding waste newspaper to SPWS was established.
2) After compressing samples, in the case of the sample whose
ratio of waste newspaper to SPWS is 3%, more than 70 % of the
CODCr and T-N components can be removed from waste water. 3)
In the case of the sample whose ratio of waste newspaper to SPWS
is more than 3%, the suspended solids in waste water after compressing
samples were much about the same as mechanical treatments. Therefore,
waste water after compressing samples can be treated biologically.
4) A sosei paper pot is about 1/3 to 7/10 of a waste paper pot
in length direction compression strength. It was clear that sosei
paper pots and waste paper pots have the same strength of tensile
and side direction compression when the ratio of waste newspaper
to SPWS is 3%. 5) It was found that a sosei paper pot contains
6 to 10 times the amount of T-N, 10 to 13.6 times the amount of
P2O5 and 5 to 7 times the amount of K2O compared with a waste
paper pot. 6) While plants became well rooted, the sosei paper
pots held their shapes and the roots were not affected at all.
N.B. sosei paper ( sosei means reborn )
KEYWORDS; resource recycling goods, sweet potato waste stillage, waste newspaper, effective utilization, waste water quality
*Dept. of Civil Engineering, Kagoshima National College of
Technology
(1460-1 Sinko, Hayato - cho, Aira - gun, Kagoshima, 899-5193,
Japan)
E-mail: yamauti@kagoshima-ct.ac.jp
** Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Miyazaki University
***Aship co., Ltd.
**** Dept. of Civil Engineering, Fukuoka University
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講演番号:A-13
FIELD APPLICATION EXAMPLE ON RECYCLE OF DEWATERED CAKE AS VEGETATIVE
SOIL BASE
Ryoichi YAMADA*, Toshiya SATO**，Takashi DOMEN***，Yoshio SUTO****，
Shinya FUKUNO***** and Toshiro MARUYAMA******
ABSTRACT; A huge amount of dewatered cake is generated from
water treatment processes in large-scaled construction work sites.
Although the dewatered cake has been conventionally disposed as
an industrial waste, its recycling becomes a big social concern,
and the reuse of the dewatered cake is required. In this paper,
we describe a past case in which the dewatered cake generated
in the actual hydroelectric power plant expansion construction
was recycled as a vegetative soil base. The dewatered cake, a
single-grained structure of inorganic particles, was not suitable
for the growth and development of vegetation. The improvement
of physical and chemical properties of the dewatered cake was
then required. The improvement of physical and chemical properties
was achieved by mixing bark composts and fermented chicken manure
composts with the dewatered cake and by aging them for 14 days.
Mixing of such good organic composts improved directly soil in
fertilizer aspect, served as a supply source of various microorganisms,
expecting improvement effects to the
physical properties by those metabolites. This improved soil caused
neither germination disorder nor growth disorder to the vegetation,
thus, it was shown that the dewatered cake was reusable as a vegetative
soil base material with such a procedure.
KEYWORDS；construction waste, dewatered cake , recycle, vegetative soil base, on-site treatment
* Engineering Research Institute , Sato Kogyo Co.,Ltd.
E-mail; r.yamada@satokogyo.co.jp
** Okutadami-Otori Hydro Project Construction Office , Electric
Power Development Co.,Ltd.
*** Kanto Branch Office , Sato Kogyo Co.,Ltd.
**** Division of Civil Work , Sato Kogyo Co.,Ltd.
***** Sato Machinery Co.,Ltd.
****** Dep.of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Miyazaki University)
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講演番号:A-14
ADVANCED SOLUBILIZATION OF EXCESS SLUDGE BY HIGH-SPEED ROTARY
DISK PROCESS
Tsuyoshi Imai*, Masao Ukita*, Masayuki Fukagawa**, Tomoki Kawamura**, Masahiko Sekine* and Takaya Higuchi*
ABSTRACT; In this study, solubilization of return sludge from secondary sedimentation tank (excess sludge) of wastewater treatment plant was investigated by passing the sludge through varying gaps (0.1 - 20 mm) between two high-speed rotary disks. The process was found to enhance the solubilization considerably. Significant decrease of particle size was observed after the first stage of the treatment. The solubilization rate of sludge, indexed as the ratio of DOC/TOC, increased considerably with the treatment time and it was observed that the greater solubilization could be achieved under the condition of higher sludge concentration. The solubilization remained high even though the gap between the two disks was increased to 20 mm. Furthermore, the possibility of improving the solubilization with only one disk was also investigated in this study. The results demonstrate the applicability of high-speed rotary disk process as an attractive novel process of excess sludge solubilization.
* Department of Civil Engineering, Yamaguchi University
** Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Ube National
College of Technology
E-mail: imai@po.cc.yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
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講演番号:A-15
Effects of Hydraulic Retention Time and Temperature on High-Solids
Methane Fermentation of both Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid
Waste and Night Soil Sludge
Yoshio Okuno*, Yu-You Li**, Hiroshi Sasaki**, Koji Seki**, Ikuo Kamigochi**
ABSTRACT; Influences of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and temperature on the methane fermentation of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and the sludge from treated night soil (SNS) were investigated by using a semi-continuous flow, completely mixed reactor. The experiments were conducted with a constant influent flow at a total solid (TS) of 10% by changing HRT from 5 days to 30 days under mesophilic (35℃) and thermophilic (55℃) conditions, respectively. Both the mesophilic and the thermophilic digestion reactors were successfully operated even at a short HRT of 5 days. The results indicate that the most important advantages of thermophilic fermentation over mesophilic fermentation for treating a mixture of OFSMW and SNS are its high efficiencies in VS reduction and CODCr removal, especially in the hydrolysis. It is suggested that the applicable HRT for the high-solids thermophilic digestion could be shortened to 7.5 days at the least. The first-order reaction could be more appropriate for describing the degradation of OFMSW and SNS, and kinetic constants for TS, VS and total CODCr were summarized in a table.
KEYWORDS; Anaerobic digestion, mesophilic, thermophilic, sludge of night soil, organic fraction of municipal solid waste
Affiliation:
* Core Technology Development & Engineering Division, ATAKA
Construction & Engineering Co., Ltd.
1-9, Itachibori 2-chome, Nishi-ku, Osaka 550-0012 JAPAN
** Environmental Technology R&D Center, ATAKA Construction
& Engineering Co., Ltd.
9-1 Saganakadai, Kizu-cho, Souraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0223 JAPAN
E-mail: yoshio.okuno@atakakogyo.co.jp
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講演番号:A-16
UASB廃水処理プロセスでの嫌気性微生物群集の分子生物学的手法による動態解析
Population Dynamics Analysis of Anaerobic Sludge Consortia Grown
in UASB Process by 16S rRNA Based Molecular Approach
多川 正1,2、関口勇地1、荒木信夫3、大橋晶良1、原田秀樹1
Tadashi TAGAWA, Yuji SEKIGUCHI, Nobuo ARAKI, Akiyoshi OHASHI,
Hideki HARADA
ABSTRACT; Microbial population shift of anaerobic sludge consortia
in response to temperature change was investigated by using 16S
rRNA molecular approach such as FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization),
PCR-RFLP-sequencing and T-RFLP (Terminal Restriction Fragment
Length Polymorphism). A bench scale UASB reactor maintained at
35°C for a long time period was subjected to abrupt temperature
increase to 55°C.
The mesophilic granular sludge exhibited the optimum methanogenic
activity, opposed to our anticipation, at above 40°C, while the
thermophilic granular sludge possesses the optimum methanogenic
activity at different temperatures for each different substrate:
55°C for propionate-, 60°C for acetate-, and 65°C for hydrogen-fed
methanogenic activity.
FISH analysis using our newly developed oligoneucleotide probes,
which are able to distinguish separately mesophilic and thermophilic
acetate-utilizing methanogen, successfully provided an evidence
that some extent of Methanosaeta thermophilia, thermophilic acetate-utilizing
methanogen, is present a priori in the mesophilic sludge consortium
that have never experienced a thermophilic condition in the past.
The T-RFLP patterns of archaeral clones’ 16S rDNA reflected distinctly
the time-series population shift from mesophilic acetate-utilizing
methanogen (Methanosaeta concilii) to thermopilic acetate-utilizing
methanogen (Methanosaeta thermophilia). The molecular approach
methodology employed in this study proved to be powerful and useful
tools to monitor the population dynamics of anaerobic sludge consortia
for better understanding of anaerobic wastewater processes.
KEYWORDS; Microbial population dynamics, Thermophilic UASB process, 16S rRNA, Archaea, T-RFLP
1長岡技術科学大学 環境システム工学系
Dept. of Environ. Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of
Technology）
2神鋼パンテツク株式会社 環境装置事業部
Shinko Pantec Co., Ltd., Environmental Systems Division
E-mail: t.tagawa@pantec.co.jp
3長岡工業高等専門学校 環境都市工学科
Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Technical College of Nagaoka
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講演番号:A-17
1Enrichment of a Microbial Mixed Culture Capable of Dechlorinating
Tetrachloroethene to Ethylene and Ethane, and Dechlorination
of Tetrachloroethene in Soil-column Reactors
Toshihiro UENO＊, Hiroaki ISHIDA, Kanji NAKAMURA
ABSTRACT; Chlorinated solvents such as tetrachloroethene(PCE) and trichloroethene(TCE) are common groundwater contaminants. A microbial mixed culture capable of dechlorinating PCE to ethylene and ethane was enriched in a fluidized-bed reactor using soil sediments, anaerobic sludges and activated sludges as inocula. DNA sequence analyses of 16S rDNA clones obtained from the mixed culture showed the existence of clones which have high similarity to 16S rDNA of Dehalococcoides ethenogenes 195. This result indicated a high possibility that a bacterium phylogenetically close to D. ethenogenes was responsible for complete dechlorination. Soil columns were inoculated with the enrichment culture and continuously fed with PCE and organic compounds. PCE(4 mg/L) was completely dechlorinated to ethylene within 5 h of HRT with 30 mg/L of ethanol, 30 mg/L of lactate, 60 mg/L of propionate or 50 mg/L of sucrose. Although dechlorination was slightly inhibited in the presence of sulfate(64 mg/L), complete dechlorination occurred at 12 h of HRT.
＊Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Corporate Research & Development
Center
toshihiro.ueno@kurita.co.jp
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講演番号:A-18
Analysis of bacterial populations based on 16S rRNA genes for
monitoring andcontrolling of a biostimulation process
Kanji NAKAMURA, Hiroaki ISHIDA, Taro IIZUMI, Yoshihiko SUZUKI
ABSTRACT; A field scale biostimulation experiment was carried out at a contaminated site in Chiba prefecture to degrade trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater. Methane was dissolved into pumped-up groundwater, and it was injected again into groundwater to stimulate the co-metabolism of TCE by indigenous methane-utilizing bacteria producing methane monooxygenase. Molecular analyses of bacterial populations in groundwater including methane utilizer were performed to understand the biological process in detail and monitor bacteria developed from the view point of safety. The 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) based analyses, clone and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses, were applied. The clone analysis showed that two types of methane-utilizing bacteria that are phylogenetically close to each of Methylophilus group and Methylomonas methanica subgroup oxidized methane, and thus at least one of them degraded TCE during the biostimulation. Additionally no 16S rDNA clone from a bacterium which possibly causes a disease was not observed. The changes of whole bacterial communities including the methane-utilizing bacteria were successfully detected by T-RFLP analysis showing the effectiveness of the molecular method for the monitoring of the field scale biostimulation process.
KEYWORDS; biostimulation, trichloroethylene, bacterial population, 16S rDNA
Corporate Research and Development Center, Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
E-mail: kanji.nakamura@kurita.co.jp
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講演番号:A-19
Estimation of Groundwater Effluent to a River and Changes of Water
Quality of the River in Dairying and Agricultural Region
Koichi YAMAMOTO*, Takuya KOBAYASHI*, Tatsuo SHIMIZU*, Harukuni TACHIBANA*
ABSTRACT; River flow derived from groundwater water was estimated from EMMA (End-Members-Mixing-Analysis) to predict NO3--N concentration in the river water in the agricultural region. To use EMMA, we assumed that river flow consisted of three components: forest river origin, shallow groundwater origin and deep groundwater origin. EMMA revealed that contribution ratio of the shallow groundwater contaminated by NO3--N in the river flow increased up to 67 % in early March. EMMA and Principal Components Analysis also revealed that the particulate matters, SS, PON, PP, Chl-a were strongly related to the contribution ratio of forest river origin. pH and DP in the river water were affected by the contribution ratio of the deep groundwater. The concentration of NO3--N in the river water increased in winter, because the flow rate of the forest rivers decreased, whereas NO3--N load from the springwater from the upland fields leveled off in winter. Our investigation into the water quality of the river flowing through an agricultural and dairy area found that upland fields constantly discharged NO3--N loads into the river, in contrast to the forest rivers, which irregularly discharged loads.
KEYWORDS; nitrate-nitrogen, springwater, groundwater, EMMA, nutrient
*Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University
E-mail:yammer@eng.hokudai.ac.jp
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講演番号:A-20
茶畑由来の肥料と大井川用水の導水による菊川流域の硝酸性窒素汚染への影響について
The effect of fertilizing from tea plantation and water conveyance from Oigawa river upon nitrogen contamination in Kikugawa basin, central Shizuoka prefecture
山野賢一，井伊博行，平田健正，田中豊和，西川雅高，小川裕美
ABSTRUCT; The amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in a Kikugawa basin tea plantation decreased from 110 kgN/10a in 1997 to 65 kgN/10a in 2000. However NO3-N concentrations were over 30mg/l and pH values remained unchanged. So the residual NO3-N and acid in groundwater were calculated to determine whether the amounts of fertilizer and neutralizer were adequate or not. As a result, the calculated NO3-N concentration in groundwater from precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, outflow, eluviation and fertilizer was in good agreement with the actual NO3-N concentration in the wells. As the actual and calculated NO3-N concentrations exceeded the 10 mg/l, environmental quality standard, it was necessary to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Similarly residual acid was calculated from the amount of neutralizer such as calcite, dolomite and fertilizer. The amount of neutralizer was sufficient for neutralization but pH values in the wells remained low. Therefore, no neutralizers were thought to work and some rain water was thought to directly bring acidic substances and infiltrate into the underground. δ18O and δD values clarified that the conveyance from Oigawa river reduced NO3-N concentrations in the Kikugawa basin.
著者の所属
山野賢一 所属： 和歌山大学大学院システム工学研究科修士課程
メールアドレス： s024062@sys.wakayama-u.ac.jp
井伊博行 所属： 和歌山大学大学院システム工学部環境システム学科
メールアドレス： hiro@mail.sys.wakayama-u.ac.jp
平田健正 所属： 和歌山大学大学院システム工学部環境システム学科
メールアドレス： hirata@sys.wakayama-u.ac.jp
田中豊和 所属： 和歌山大学大学院システム工学研究科修士課程
メールアドレス： s014027@sys.wakayama-u.ac.jp
西川雅高 所属： 国立環境研究所
メールアドレス： mnishi@nies.go.jp
小川裕美 所属： 筑波大学連携大学院社会工学研究科
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講演番号:A-21
Study on Parameter Examination of Distributed Model for Pollutants
Discharged from Separate Sewer System during Storm Events in Watersheds
Tae-Sung KIM＊, Kiyoshi YAMADA＊＊, Bong-Kyum KWON＊＊＊
ABSTRACT; For the plan, design, management of separate sewer system, the distributed model considered watershed characteristic is necessary. In this study, the parameter selection of the runoff and water quality model is examined using the measurement data that was observed with the separate sewer system. Then, the watershed characteristic of parameter is examined. To make clear watershed characteristics a simulation is analyzed by the same rainfall. As a result, it found the thing about which it is possible to set a parameter for runoff and water quality model that fitted in with each watershed. It was found that the model parameter was able to use for the plan, design, and management of the separate sewer system.
KEYWORDS ; Separate Sewer System, Nonpoint Pollution, Distributed Model, Washoff Model, Parameter Examination
＊ Research Student at Graduate School of Engineering,
Ritsumeikan Univ.
＊＊ Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Ritsumeikan
Univ.
＊＊＊ Doctor Course Student at Graduate School of Engineering,
Ritsumeikan Univ.
Tae-Sung KIM ： kim_taesung@njs.co.jp
Kiyoshi YAMADA： yamada-k@se.ritsumei.ac.jp
Bong-Kyum KWON： youlli@netian.com
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講演番号:A-22
The coliform bacillus pollution of rivers
Sumio MASUDA*, Soichiro NAGATOMO**, Masahito YAMAUCHI***, Yutaka
DOTE* and Toshiro MARUYAMA*
河川の大腸菌群汚染に関する基礎的研究
○増田純雄*,長友総一郎, 山内正仁**,土手 裕*,丸山俊朗*,
ABSTRACT; At present, percentage of sewered population in our
country has reached 60%, and conversion into flush-toilet reached
79% of the total population when the domestic wastewater by the
private sewerage system is also included. However, the achievement
ratio of environmental quality standard item related to living
environment is low, and achievement ratio of environmental quality
standard and conditions of rivers is not much improved the past
10 years. It is said that the main reason for low achievement
ratio of such environmental standard is caused by the domestic
wastewater. Especially, the coliform group's environmental standard
item achievement ratio is very low. At present, most of Japan's
rivers has not achieved the standard value of the coliform group.
Within class a river in Kyushu, there is not a single river that
cleared the standard value either in the upstream or in the downstream.
Therefore, it is necessary to improvement the achievement ratio
of the environmental standard, that is to grasps the actual condition
of the coliform group pollution and provide for countermeasure
of the each every pollution source.
In this paper, measurement of coliform group number, fecal coliform
group, fecal streptococci of Kiyotake river and the water quality
survey was being carried out from upstream of Kiyotake river which
flowed from Tano town, passing Kiyotake town to Miyazaki City
in the lower reach. Following result was obtained. 1) The coliform
group number of Kiyotake River seasonally fluctuated, and it was
proven that the coliform group number in rainfall time were more
abounding compared to the time of fair weather. 2) The coliform
group number of Oka river which was the tributary for the Kiyotake
river were very high, and it was proven that domestic wastewater
is a cause for the coliform group pollution of the Oka river.
3) It is said that the low achievement ratio of such environmental
standard is chiefly caused by domestic wastewater and does not
satisfy the environmental standard value of the coliform group
in present state of the river in Japan.
KEYWORDS; coliform group, fecal coliform group, fecal streptococci, coliform bacillus pollution of rivers
宮崎大学工学部 土木環境工学科(Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering,
Miyazaki University)
E-mail： t0c203u@miyazaki.ac.jp
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講演番号:A-23
黒瀬川流域における有機リン酸トリエステルの挙動と濃度予測
Behavior and modeling of Organophosphoric Acid Triesters in the
Kurose River Basin
嶋津治希*，岡田潤*，尾崎則篤*，福島武彦*，竹下弥生**
Haruki SHIMAZU*, Jun OKADA*, Noriatsu OZAKI*, Takehiko FUKUSHIMA*,
Yayoi TAKESHITA**
ABSTRACT; The pollution sources and dynamics of organophosphoric
acid triesters (OPEs) in the Kurose River Basin were investigated
and numerically simulated. In order to estimate the loads from
various pollution sources quantitatively, the effluent OPEs concentrations
were measured at small-scale wastewater treatment plant, sewage
treatment plant and waste disposal sites. Several kinds of OPEs
were detected in the effluents, the waters and sediments of the
Kurose River, and the waters of its tributaries. It was indicated
that the domestic wastewater was the dominant OPEs source for
the basin. Using the population data corresponding to a few kinds
of wastewater treatment types in a number of sub-basins, per-capita
effluent values on OPEs and water discharge, the base flow rates,
and the OPEs diminishing rates in the river determined by the
field experiment, we developed a model for predicting
OPEs in the Kurose River during the non-rainy periods. Then, we
confirmed that the differences between the observed and predicted
OPEs were within one order of magnitude in all cases.
KEYWORDS; organophosphoric acid triesters, pollution sources, dynamics in the river, prediction model
*広島大学大学院工学研究科社会環境システム専攻(Department of Social and Environmental
Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University)
**広島県(Hiroshima Prefecture)
hshimazu@do.enjoy.ne.jp
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講演番号:A-24
Assessment for the function of a test structure activating material
cycle of suspended solid in enclosed bay
Kengo Kurata*, Yasunori Kozuki*, Hidekazu Yamamoto**, Shunpei Iwamura**, Tatsuya Nishimura*, Hitoshi Murakami*, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi***, Hiroshi Sasayama****
Abstract; The function of a test structure for the environmental restoration in enclosed sea area was assessed by several field investigations. The objective of the structure is to activate material cycle through the food web of marine organisms feeding on suspended solid. Dissolved oxygen concentration in the bottom of structure was lower than 3 mg/l in summer, because a number of mussels on the porous concrete had consumed oxygen. The mussels also had an effect on decreasing suspended solid, and concentration of suspended solid in the structure was relatively lower than the outside due to their feeding activities. Amount of deposited seston varied with seasons. The deposited seston contained faeces and pseudofaeces of mussels, indicating that suspended solid was transferred by mussel filteration onto the bottom of structure. However, since few numbers of deposit feeder inhabited the bottom of structure, deposited seston have accumulated and caused deterioration of sediment quality. Some ideas for improvement of the structure were proposed in the discussion.
*Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokushima,
JAPAN
**Environment and Planning Department, Ecoh Corporation, Tokyo,
JAPAN
***Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The
University of Tokushima, JAPAN
****Port and Airport Technical Investigation Office, The Shikoku
Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport, JAPAN
E-mail: kengo@eco.tokushima-u.ac.jp
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講演番号:A-25
FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN MANHOLE WITH RIGHT-ANGLE PIPES
Shinji Arao, Associate Professor
ABSTRACT; The authors proposed a new manhole model for preventing urban flooding by installing a flat guide-cover with holes onto the invert of a conventional manhole with right-angle pipes. In this study, under the condition of sudden blocking of water flow at a downstream pipe end, flow characteristics on the propagation of interfaces between free surface and pressurized flow in the downstream pipe and on the height of water body spouted through 5 holes at the flat guide-cover in the manhole were examined. The propagation speed of the interfaces in the downstream pipe with the new manhole model was smaller than that of the conventional manhole model. The water body spouted through the flat guide-cover did not reach a manhole cover.
KEYWORDS; storm sewer, manhole, reduction of flooding, model test, free surface and pressurized flow
Dept. of Civil Eng., Kyushu Kyoritsu University
1-8 Jiyugaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, 807-8585, Japan
Tel : +81-93-693-3223, Fax : +81-93-603-8186, e-mail : arao@kyukyo-u.ac.jp
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講演番号:A-26
Damage Discrimination Analysis for Sewage Pipe System with Quantification
Theory
（数量化理論による下水道管渠の損傷判別分析）
Koizumi Akira＊，He Shan＊＊，Sun Yueping＊＊＊
ABSTRACT; The damage caused by the aging of sewage pipe systems has become one of the major rising problems in modern cities. The traditional method to search for damage points on sewage pipes is using cameras and eyes. But usingthese methods to check all the sewage pipes in the city will waste a lot of money and time. In this paper we performed a quantitative analysis on sewage pipe damages. Our study utilized the results of the sewer investigation in Tokyo. Based on this analysis, we proposed a quantificationtheory type Ⅱ to describe the relationships between various factors that contribute to the damages of sewage pipe systems. Namely, we can use the factors, such as the pipe diameter, the number of years for laying, the kind of road and foundation, overburden, pipe's slope etc., to judge the sewage pipes if it has a corrosion, crack or breakage. As a result, our diagnosis model can be used to discriminate whether and to what extent an existing sewage pipe system is damaged.
KEYWORDS；sewage pipe systems, sewer investigation, quantification theory type Ⅱ, diagnosis model, damage discrimination
＊ 東京都立大学大学院工学研究科
Graduate School of Eng. Tokyo Metropolitan University
akoiz@ecomp.metro-u.ac.jp
＊＊ 東京都立大学大学院工学研究科
（現在 興建産業（株）Koken Sangyo Co. Ltd.）
ka@kokensangyo.co.jp
＊＊＊東京都立大学大学院工学研究科
（現在（株）NSCエンジニアリング NSC Engineering Co. Ltd）
y_sun@nsc-e.co.jp
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講演番号:A-27
Water supply and Drainage system in Pisac, the Remains of Inca
Tetsuya Kusuda(Kyushu University) kusuda@civil.kyushu-u.ac.jp, Arata ICHIKAWA(Kyoto University), Hideki HARADA(Nagaoka University of Technology), Akiyoshi SAKODA(University of Tokyo), Ryujiro KONDO( Siga Prefectural University), Peter Kaulicke(Pontificia Universidad Catolica Peru), Mjulinho Zapata Rodriguez(Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cuzco)
ABSTRACT; Field research on hydraulic works, in 2000 at Pisac, one of the ancient Inca Remains, defined some of the characteristics. There are four kinds of hydraulic works, that is, channels for ritual, waterworks, drainage, and irrigation in the Inca civilization. The site had at least five canals for water works, more than two canals for irrigation, more than three drainage channels for agriculture, and no channels for ritual. Drainage for domestic wastewater is not found. No technical contrivance for health risk on waterworks existed at the site, so that social discipline with taboo might work for the risk. Their design skill was not excellent on hydraulic works, but high in construction technology. The structure of an irrigation channel indicates that water right may exist. The concept of sacred water was similar to other old civilizations.
Key words: Inca, Pisac, hydraulic works, waterworks, drainage,
irrigation, water right
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講演番号:A-28
Performance of Physical and Chemical Treatment Processes to Remove
Endocrine Disruptors in Sewage Effluent
Atsushi KITANAKA＊ . Yutaka SUZUKI＊＊
ABSTRACT; Several physical and chemical treatment processes for endocrine disruptors removal from sewage effluent were studied with laboratory and pilot scale experiments. The treatment processes investigated were chlorination , coagulation-filtration, ozonation and granular activated carbon adsorption. Nonylphenol (NP) and human-origin estrogen were chosen as target compounds. Ozonation was found to be the most effective in removing endocrine disruptors compared to the other methods, although reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) was not significant. Estrogenic effects in residual TOC after ozonation were then determined using the yeast screen assay and the receptor-binding assay by fluorescence polarization method. The results showed that residual TOC had no estrogenic effects. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was also found to be an effective method for endocrine disruptors removal during the three-month period of operation. The performance of GAC beyond this period, however, has yet to be examined. Degradation of NP by chlorine was influenced by ammonia , TOC and contact time. High chlorine dosage was effective in removing estrogen in sewage effluents containing very low ammonia concentrations. More studies, however, are needed to address the carcinogenic or mutagenic byproducts which might be formed during chlorination. Coagulation-filtration process was found to remove only small amounts of NP and had small effect on estrogen removal.
KEYWORDS; Endocrine Disruptors; Nonylphenol,; Estrogen,; Sewage Effluent; Physical and Chemical Treatment.
＊ National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management,
Wastewater and Sludge Management Division
E-mail: kitanaka-a924f@nilim.go.jp
＊＊ Public Works Research Institute, Material and Geotechnical
Engineering Research Group, Recycling Team
E-mail: ysuzuki@pwri.go.jp
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講演番号:A-29
密閉ガラス容器中におけるPVC製品からのDEHP放出特性
Emission Characteristics of DEHP from Polyvinyl Chloride Goods
in a Sealed Glass Container
米田 稔*，矢野 英司**，島田 明彦***，森澤 眞輔*
Minoru YONEDA*, Eiji YANO**, Akihiko SHIMADA***, Shinsuke MORISAWA*
ABSTRACT; Temporal change of quantity of DEHP emitted from PVC products in a sealed glass container was measured to estimate its emission rate. An equation that expressed DEHP emission quantity in a sealed container was derived and its validity was examined by comparison with the results of some experiments. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) Most of DEHP emitted from PVC products in a sealed glass container stuck to its inner wall. Therefore, DEHP emission quantity from PVC products can be approximately estimated by measuring the DEHP quantity on glass walls, and DEHP absorbed on the surface of tableware and food should be considered when DEHP intake is evaluated. (2) The derived equation could well explain the results of the experiments. Estimation of the initial emission ability of DEHP seems to be possible using the equation. (3) DEHP initial emission ability from PVC sheet increased with a rise of temperature, and the rate was about 5 times greater at 50℃ than at 40℃ under the conditions of this study. Because a great increase of the emission ability with a rise of temperature is also expected in the actual environment, temperature must be considered in cases of DEHP intake evaluation.
*京都大学大学院工学研究科環境地球工学専攻(Department of Global Environment Engineering,
Kyoto University)
**NTTドコモ (NTT docomo)
***京都大学大学院工学研究科修士課程(Master Course Student at Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University)
E-mail: yoneda@risk.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp
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講演番号:A-30
回分式活性汚泥法と電極内蔵型生物ろ床を組み合わせた硝酸性窒素と浮遊固形物の効果的除去に関する研究
Effective Removal of Nitrate and Suspended Solid in Sequencing
Batch Reactor Process Coupled with Bioelectrochemical Filter
許燕青*，渡辺智秀*，黒田正和*
Yanqing XU*, Tomohide WATANABE* and Masao KURODA*
Abstract; Fundamental performance of a novel sequencing batch reactor/bioelectrochemical filter (SBR/BEF) process which combined recirculating filtration and a biofilter with a multi-electrode system was investigated experimentally. In this process, the recirculating filtration passed through the sludge bed which comprising a stratified layer of activated sludge and porous carriers. Meanwhile the filtrate was introduced to BEF, in which the same porous carriers were immersed (fill rate 80 %) and a multi-electrode system was inserted. The obtained results showed that an effective suspended solid (SS) removal could be achieved by using the sludge bed as filter. In addition, the endogenous denitrification proceeded in the bed but the rate was small. When the filtrate introduced to BEF, the hydrogen gas produced by electrolysis of water was directly utilized for denitrification. The denitrification rate in BEF was estimated to be around 0.036 mg-N/mg-SS･d at electric current density of 0.76 mA/cm2. The SS concentration reduced below 1.0 mg/l in the treated water, and the total nitrogen removal efficiency exceeded 90% under the condition of 6.25 hr of one cycle time.
Key words; sequencing batch reactor, bioelectrochemical filter, recirculating filtration, denitrification rate, solid/liquid separation
*:〒376-8515 群馬県桐生市天神町1-5-1
群馬大学工学部建設工学科
Tel: 0277-30-1634
Fax: 0277-30-1601
Kiryu-shi, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
Department of Civil Engineering, Gunma University
Tel: 0277-30-1634
Fax: 0277-30-1601
d8b274@edu.cc.gunma-u.ac.jp
mkuroda@ce.gunma-u.ac.jp
watanabe＠ce.gunma-u.ac.jp
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講演番号:A-31
PERFORMANCE OF A Ca-BASED SORBENT CONTAINING LARGE PORES FOR PHOSPHORUS
REMOVAL AND RECOVERY
大きな細孔構造を有する多孔質カルシウム系担体のリン除去および回収特性
M. Khadhraoui*, T. Watanabe* and M. Kuroda*
モンセフ カドラウイ*, 渡辺智秀*, 黒田正和*
Abstract; In this investigation, the feasibility of phosphorus removal and recovery using a laboratory prepared Ca-based sorbent containing relatively large pores was experimentally demonstrated. Obtained results from the column experiment showed that the removal was accompanied by a leaching of Ca and relatively high pH values at the beginning of the experiment due to the hydration of CaO. After that, the elution of Ca ceased and the pH values decreased gradually to finally stabilize between 8 and 7.5. It was suggested that phosphorous uptake by the sorbent was governed by both sorption and precipitation/crystallization phenomena. The sorption capacity slightly increased with an increase in the flow rate and was associated with the increasing amount of the dissolved calcium. Maximum removal capacity was equal to 30.5 mg-P/g-sorbent, corresponding to a quantity of treated water equivalent to 4000 bed volumes. Pore sizes of the sorbent were entirely shifted to lower values due to the formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface. Furthermore, more than 75% of the sorbed phosphate was recovered using a mechanical sieving of the sorbent. X-ray measurement and P2O5 determination revealed that the recovered product was quantitatively and qualitatively similar to a phosphate mineral ore. The sorbent was efficiently reused for a second time. However, its removal capacity was severely degraded upon the third utilization, probably because most of its calcium content was consumed. From these results, it was concluded that the fabricated sorbent could be effective for phosphorus removal and recovery.
- Moncef. KHADHRAOUI* E-mail: Montunisia@hotmail.com
- Tomohide WATANABE* E-mail: watanabe@ce.gunma-u.ac.jp
- Masao KURODA* E-mail: mkuroda@ce.gunma-u.ac.jp
Address:
Department of Civil Engineering Gunma University,
1-5-1 Tenjin-Cho, Kiryui-shi, Gunma 376-8515 Japan
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講演番号:A-32
The behavior of the phosphorus in the advanced sewage treatment
plant -Characteristics of simultaneous precipitation process and
anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge process-
Kaoru KATO*, Kiyoshi MOMONOI**, Masaaki SAITO***, Yukio TASHIRO****
ABSTRACT; In "Clean Lake Suwa" which was the terminal
treatment plant of the Suwa Lake river-basin sewerage facilities,
the renewal to the advanced sewage treatment plant was examined
from 1995. In the simultaneous precipitation process, Al/T-P
mole ratio had to be made over 0.75 in order to do under discharge
regulation T-P concentration 2mg･l-1. And, it was anticipated
that the Al/T-P mole ratio had to be done over 2 in order to do
under desired value discharge T-P concentration 0.5 mg･l-1. In
the flocculant injection point, phosphorus elimination reaction
rate is low. It was confirmed that the flocculant which intermingles
with the return sludge was bringing about the effective phosphorus
elimination reaction in aeration tank front stage. The anaerobic-aerobic
activated sludge process applied to "Clean Lake Suwa"
has not reached the phosphorus elimination performance of the
goal. The shortening of SRT was attempted by the charge of the
preliminary sedimentation basin sludge to the aeration tank.
As a result, it was possible that it was improved, and effective
SRT was able to be judged with under 8th. In addition, the phosphorus
elution from the sludge was measured. Largest phosphorus elution
amount of the simultaneous precipitation process sludge was 3.5mgP･gSS-1.
It was confirmed that the phosphorus elution amount was little.
And, it was confirmed that Al which originates for the simultaneous
precipitation process sludge affected phosphorus concentration
in the supernatant by the anaerobic digestion process.
KEYWORDS; phosphorus, flocculant, precipitation, anaerobic-aerobic,
aluminum
* Environmental Systems Administration Division, Sanki Engineering
CO.,LTD
** Dept. Environment and Civil Engineering, Nagaoka University
of Technology
*** Nagano Pref. Sewerage Public Corporation
****Nagano Pref. Suwa Construction Office
E-mail; kaoru_kato@eng.sanki.co.jp
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講演番号:A-33
Recovery of Phosphate and Ferric Chloride from Pre-Coagulated
Sludge with Ferric Chloride
Masaki TAKAOKA＊,Junichi HIROTA＊＊,Nobuo TAKEDA＊,Takeshi FUJIWARA＊
Abstract; This study was investigated in order to develop recovery system of phosphate and ferric chloride from pre-coagulated sludge with ferric chloride. Experiments were conducted to clear the following points, 1)extraction efficiency of phosphate from pre-coagulated sludge with ferric chloride by introducing H2S gas into sludge, 2)recovery of phosphate from the supernatant after the extraction using Ca(OH)2, 3)simultaneous recovery of ferric chloride and H2S from the residue after the extraction by adding HCl solution and 4)the mass balance of suspended solid,phosphorus,iron and sulfur in this total system. As the result of mass balance in this system, 40% of phosphate and 73.1% of ferric chloride from pre-coagulated sludge with ferric chloride and 47.2% of introduced H2S gas were recovered at the optimum experimental condition.
Key Word; phosphate recovery; pre-coagulation; ferric chloride; coagulant recovery; hydrogen sulfide
＊Dept.of Environ.Eng.,Graduate School of Eng.,Kyoto Univ.
E-mail：
Masaki TAKAOKA：takaoka@epsehost.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Nobuo TAKEDA：takeda@epsehost.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Takeshi FUJIWARA：takeshi@epsehost.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp
＊＊Research&Development Dept.,Engineering Division.,Engineering
Business Group.,NGK
INSLATORS,LTD.
E-mail：
Junichi HIROTA：jhirota@ngk.co.jp
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講演番号:A-34
Biological Iron Oxidation-Reduction and Effects on Metabolism
in the Anaerobic
Conditions in an Anaerobic-Oxic Activated Sludge
Ryoko YAMAMOTO-IKEMOTO*, Tomoaki KOMORI*, Naoki MIYAZATO**
ABSTRACT; Ferric and ferrous iron contents in an activated sludge were examined. Total iron in the sludge was 10 mg/gMLSS and 60% of iron was accumulated as Fe(III). Iron oxidation occurred in the activated sludge, and the iron oxidation rate increased, when the initial iron concentration increased. Biological iron reduction also occurred in the activated sludge and the iron reducing rate could be described using the Monod equation. It was estimated that iron reducing bacteria utilize hydrogen. Sulfur oxidation and iron oxidation occurred simultaneously and they competed for oxygen. Iron oxidation and sulfur oxidation activities were almost the same. Sulfate reduction and iron reduction al so occurred simultaneously. Iron reduction outcompeted with sulfate reduction for hydrogen and ropionate like organic matter. On the other hand, sulfate reduction stimulated the iron reduction, since chemical reduction by produced sulfur occurred simultaneously. Denitrification suppressed iron reduction and sulfate reduction. These results were explained thermodynamically. Poly-P release was also suppressed under the anoxic conditions.
KEYWORDS; activated sludge; iron reduction; sulfate reduction; iron oxidation, sulfur oxidation, denitrification; poly-P accumulation.
*Dept. of Civil Engineering Dept. of Civil Engineering, Kanazawa
University
**Master course Student at Graduate School of Natural Science
and Technology, Kanazawa University
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講演番号:A-35
Characterization of nanofiltration fouling by colored organic
matter - Estimates with the apparent molecular weight distribution
WANG Lei、FUKUSHI Ken-ichi
ABSTRACT; Batch and semi-batch systems were applied to investigate the fouling characterization of nanofiltration (NF) by colored organic matters, i.e. humic substances. A diluted kraft pulp water containing organic colored matter, with the pretreatment of ultrafiltration fractionation (UFF), was used as a synthetic raw water to examine the influence of apparent molecular weight distribution (AMWD) of colored organic matters on the fouling mechanism of NF membrane. Results show that the substances having MW10,000-100,000 in colored organic matters play an important role on the fouling of NF membrane. A mass of foulant was calculated by the model describing the mass of colored organic matters transference developed in this study. It is found that the amount of foulant much increases when the fractions of MW10,000-100,000 exist in colored water. The flux decline or the resistance increase was due to the increase in mass or percentage of the substances having MW10,000-100,000. If the substances can be appropriately removed coagulation or UF treatment system, NF fouling would be effectively controlled
Department of Civil Engineering, Hachinohe Institute of Technology
wang@stud.hi-tech.ac.jp
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講演番号:A-36
The Effects of Membraneζ-Potential on Solute Rejection Properties
with Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis Membrane
Hiroaki OZAKI＊, Norihito IKEJIMA ＊＊ , Yutaka TERASHIMA＊＊＊, Saburo MATSUI ＊＊ , Shinichi TAKEDA＊＊＊＊ , Isao TARI＊＊＊＊ , Huafang Li ＊＊＊＊＊
ABSTRACT; Previous works on Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis (LPRO) have shown that the rejection of organic compounds is mainly controlled by molecular weight and dissociation constant. This study demonstrates that the membrane ζ-potential also can be considered as a key factor for rejections of ionic salts and dissociated organic compounds. We measured the membrane ζ-potential by using a streaming potential method. In addition, effects of the ζ-potential on rejection properties of some dissociated organic compounds and an ionic salt were investigated. The results of experiments are as follows: 1) The low pressure reverse osmosis membrane was positively charged under the strong acidic condition, and negatively charged under the weak acidic and alkaline condition. 2) The zero-point of charge (zpc) values of LPRO membranes were found to be between pH 2.66 and 3.74 by the ζ-potential measurement. 3) The rejections of an ionic inorganic salt and dissociated organic compounds with low molecular weight changed with pH, depending not only on the plus or minus sign of membraneζ-potential but also on the absoluteζ-potential value 4) Organic compounds with high molecular weight such as Pentachlorophenol showed high rejection without depending on the membraneζ-potential.
＊Department of Civil Engineering, Osaka Sangyo University,
ozaki@ce.osaka-sandai.ac.jp
＊＊Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University,
nori@eden.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp
＊＊＊ Department of Cultural Environment, Osaka Sangyo University
＊＊＊＊ Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University
＊＊＊＊＊ Department of Civil Engineering, Yamaguchi University
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